"PDA Autism and ODD: Meaning, Behaviors, and Management Tips

PDA and ODD in Autism

Have you heard of ODD (Oppositional Defiance Disorder) & PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance)? I am seeing more and more children with a dual diagnosis of ASD and ODD & PDA. It is generally agreed PDA is part of the Autism Spectrum Conditions whereas ODD can occur on its own.

Phil Christie, a child psychologist, said “It is inevitably the case that when conditions are defined by lists of behavioural features there will be interconnections and overlaps. This results in certain aspects of ODD and PDA presenting in a similar ways”

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Defines Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD) as an ongoing pattern of disobedient, hostile and defiant behaviour toward authority figures which goes beyond the bounds of normal childhood

Explaining and defining Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA), its manifestation in children with autism, and its nuanced characteristics

What you might see with either ODD or PDA

Refuses to do what is asked
Always answers with “No”
Talks back
Deliberately ignores instructions
Won’t participate in activities
Makes own rules
Angers very easily
Stuck in negative thought patterns
Has strong likes and dislikes but often can’t tell you why
Withdrawing into fantasy world
Giving excuses like ‘I’m tired’ or complaining of physical impairment ‘my hand hurts’

Although there is some debate over whether ODD and PDA are different disorders or the same, I find similar strategies seem to be effective for both.

Tips for Supporting Students and Managing Behaviours with ODD & PDA in Autism

Want to learn more?

Click here to check out my Online Courses where I discuss more strategies for ODD and PDA

Recommended Resources for PDA and ODD

Illustrated storybook Shamlal the Camel, helping children with PDA recognize its features and develop coping strategies

Guide for educators on supporting children with PDA, featuring strategies, resources, and insights for effective learning

Sue Larkey

Teacher, Masters Special Education, Author, Speaker

Sue Larkey is a highly qualified educator who has taught students with autism spectrum disorder in both mainstream and special schools. She combines practical experience with extensive research, having completed a Masters in Special Education and the research sections of a Doctorate in Education. With over 1.3 million downloads of her podcast (Sue Larkey Podcast) featuring more than 200 episodes, Sue has authored many books on autism spectrum disorders, including strategies for managing PDA autism and effective ODD tools. She believes that armed with the tools of understanding and confidence, much can be achieved.